Women's bags are a derivative of the gender classification of luggage. A bag that is gender specific and limited to female aesthetics is called a women's bag. They are used to carry everything from lipstick and banknotes to luggage and clothes. The women's bag is also one of the women's accessories. Classification of women's bags 1. According to the domestic classification there are roughly. (a) By function: purse, make-up bag, evening bag, handbag, shoulder bag, shoulder bag, crossbody bag, travel bag and multifunctional bag. (b) By style: Handbags, clutch bags, shoulder bags, satchels, backpacks, waist bags, coin purses, wrist bags, etc. (c) According to the classification of categories: fashion and leisure bags, luggage bags, sports bags, key bags, mummy bags, business bags, dinner bags, wallets, make-up bags, briefcases, etc. (d) Classification according to material: leather bags, PU bags, PVC bags, canvas bags, nylon bags, hand-woven bags, etc.. 2. Broadly classified according to foreign countries are. WALLET purse, COSMETIC BAG (make-up bag), HANDBAG (handbag) inside and including TOTE (carry bag), SHOULDERBAG (shoulder bag), tonneau bag, etc.. The main materials are: canvas, leather, PU, PVC, imitation leather, synthetic leather, cotton, linen, denim, fur, Oxford cloth, corduroy, non-woven fabric, polyester, plastic, nylon cloth, leather, etc. Women's bags are a gender-specific derivative of luggage. A bag that is gender specific and limited to female aesthetics is called a women's bag. They are used to hold items as small as lipstick, banknotes, luggage and clothes. The women's bag is also one of the women's accessories.

Most of the bags sold in China come from four major luggage production bases, located in the Eastern Province, Zhejiang Province, the town of Baigou in Hebei Province and the town of Nantai in Liaoning Province. 01. The Eastern Province The largest luggage production base in China is in the Eastern Province of the country, with the luggage industry mainly located in the Huadu District of the city of Wenzhou, the Panyu District of the city of Wenzhou, as well as other districts of the city of Wenzhou and Shenzhen. The luggage industry cluster in the province is also known for its complete industrial chain, with the market size of raw and auxiliary materials accounting for about one-third of the national production and sales volume. (Dongguan Shuangmulin - TPU extrusion covering factory - TPU luggage webbing, TPU covered rubber webbing) 02, Zhejiang Province The second largest production base of bags in Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang is the second largest province for the production of bags, accounting for a quarter of the total output of the country's bags. The leather goods industry is one of Zhejiang's traditional industries, characterised by low processing costs and fine workmanship. Qianku, Cangnan, is currently in the process of declaring itself as the "China Luggage Production Base". 03.Hebei Gaobeidian The town of Jinggu, located in the hinterland of Beijing, Tianjin and Bao, is the third largest luggage production and marketing base in China, with 20 categories and more than one variety of luggage products. 15 large-scale enterprises and more than 3,000 individual processing enterprises have formed an annual production capacity of 1.5 billion luggage, accounting for about one-fifth of the national production and sales volume. 04.Nantai Town, Liaoning Nantai Town in Haicheng, Liaoning Province, is the largest distribution centre for bags in the northeast region. It is located between the Shenhai Expressway and the Shenzhou Railway, with convenient transportation and easy access to all areas. The town has nearly 20 luggage-related enterprises such as luggage processing, five metal accessories, accessories processing, plate printing, etc. Nantai Luggage Market covers an area of 30,000 square meters and has more than 20 stalls dealing with more than 30 kinds of high, medium and low column luggage. The products are exported to Russia, South Africa, Romania and some countries and regions in Southeast Asia.

To do a good job of controlling the quality of bags and handbags, to reduce customer complaints, in addition to the usual operation according to the procedures and regulations, but also from "people, machines, materials, law, environmental" 5 aspects of effective control, these 5 aspects are indispensable. 1.The control of "people" Because unqualified products are produced by unqualified people, so people are placed in the first place in quality control. The quality of people, concepts and willpower are difficult to estimate and measure, and our handbag production is basically manual work, so the role of people in quality control is more critical. Strengthen the skills training of staff, improve the quality awareness of staff, are from the "people" aspects of the control of product quality. 2.Control of machinery and equipment The normal operation of the machine is the key to ensuring quality, because many quality problems are caused by the failure of the car, such as the production process often jump line, floating line, broken line, tooth marks, scratching, line sparse inconsistency and other phenomena, are due to abnormal operation of the machine or improper adjustment. In view of this, we must do a good job of daily warranty maintenance of the clothing car, timely exclusion of machine failure. 3, the control of the material Material is a direct decision on the quality of handbags good or bad product accessories. In the complaints we receive from customers, many problems are related to materials, such as our company's zip, common problems are decolourisation and zip specifications do not match the zip caused by stuck, burst mouth and other phenomena. Therefore, we must strengthen the control of the quality of incoming materials, the material department and the quality control department IQC must strictly check the quality, strengthen the quality communication with suppliers, and choose suppliers with guaranteed quality. Only by controlling the quality of materials can we effectively control the quality of finished products. 4.Adopt the correct method of production Production should be methodical, which is understood by every producer, there are many quality problems due to incorrect car method, in the IE group's work, the more difficult car handbags are to be pre-production planning, to develop an effective method of production, so that not only can improve the efficiency of production, but also to avoid quality problems. 5, the control of the production environment For the production environment, some people always think that the impact on quality should not be great, and this is the reason why they do not pay much attention to 5S. In fact, it is in a good working environment that qualified products will be produced. If our working environment is messy, if we don't pay attention to product marking and placement, if we don't clean and sanitise well, then our semi-finished and finished products will be easily soiled and easily deformed, and if we work in an unplanned environment, it is difficult to ensure efficient production. Here, we have only briefly analysed how to control the quality of handbags from the five aspects of "people, machines, materials, methods and the environment". To ultimately control the quality of products, we need to rely on everyone's active participation and joint efforts to form a good team spirit and grasp every link in order to do a good job of quality.

The description of the fabric is generally not very detailed, saying only whether it is CORDURA or HD, and it is talking about just one weaving method. A more detailed description would be material + fibre degree + weaving method. For example: N. 1000D CORDURA means 1000D nylon CORDURA material. Many people think that the "D" in backpack material stands for density, or weight. The "D" is short for denier. Denier is the unit of measurement for fibres. So the smaller the number in front of the D, the finer the thread and the less dense it is. For example, 210D is a very fine thread and is usually used as a lining or compartment for bags. The 900D or 1000D material has a thick grain and a thick thread, which is very hard-wearing and is generally used as the bottom of the bag. Nylon is nylon and Poly is polyethylene, both of which are extracted from petroleum, but Nylon is a little better than Poly, which makes it a little more expensive. In terms of fabric, Nylon has a softer feel. Here is a brief description of some of the fabrics often found in backpacks. 1. CORDURA A fabric invented by DuPont, it is light, quick-drying, soft and durable, and does not change colour over time. The fabric is said to appear in two colours when viewed from different angles, and no one else knows how to produce it except DuPont. It is usually made from Nylon and is available in 160D, 210D, 330D, 420D, 600D, 900D, 1000D, etc. The higher the number, the stronger the fabric and the thicker the grain. Generally 160D to 210D is used for clothing or as a lining for general outdoor bags. This material has a coating on the reverse side and will not get wet in normal rain. 2. KODRA KODRA is a fabric made in Korea. It is said that the inventor of this fabric originally wanted to find out how CORDURA was spun, but failed to do so and invented a new fabric, which is KODRA. The reverse side is coated, similar to CORDURA. 3. OXFORD The warp threads of Oxford spinning are made of two strands, and the weft threads are also relatively thick. The weaving method is one up and one down, which is a very common method of weaving. It is usually 210D or 420D. The reverse side is coated. Used as a lining or compartment for bags. 4. HD HD is short for High Density, meaning high density. The fabric is similar to OXFORD. Usually 210D, 420D, usually used as a bag lining or compartment. The reverse side has a coating. 5. R/S R/S is short for Rip stop. This fabric is a nylon with small squares. It is tougher than normal nylon and the squares are made with a thicker thread on the outside of the fabric. The squares are woven with a very fine thread in the middle. It is usually available in 300D, 330D and 450D and can be used as the main material for backpacks, such as the large face and outer pockets. The reverse side is coated. 6. Dobby The Dobby fabric seems to be made up of a number of very small checks, but if you look closely you will see that it is made of two types of thread, one thick and one thin, with a different pattern on the front and the other on the back. It is rarely coated. It is much less strong than CORDURA and is generally only used on leisure bags or short-distance travel bags. Not used on hiking bags. 7. VELOCITY VELOCITY is also a nylon fabric. The strength is very high. Generally also used in mountaineering bags. The reverse side has a coating. Available in 420D or higher strength. The front of the fabric looks very much like Dobby. 8. 8. TAFFETA TAFFETA is a very thin, coated fabric, some of which are coated more than once, so it is more waterproof. It is not usually used as the main fabric of a rucksack, only as a mackintosh, or as a rain cover for a rucksack. 9.Poly PU Generally used instead of Poly, Poly density is generally 64t (low), 74t (medium) and 82t (high). The fabric is increasingly strong from 150D to 1800D. Generally 600D can be used as the base of a mountain bag, but it is not as strong as CORDURA. 10. AIR MESH Generally known as space mesh in Chinese, it is different from the usual mesh. There is a gap between the mesh surface and the material underneath, usually 3mm or more. It is this gap that gives it good ventilation properties, so it is usually used for straps or on the back or other areas close to the body. 11. Mesh There are many sizes of mesh in general, so I won't go into them all. Nylon mesh is generally used on the sides of the bag as a grocery pocket or water pocket.

The design of leather goods is not purely a departure from tradition and reality, but rather a design that takes on the tradition and makes appropriate changes or a greater degree of design on the basis of it. Its work is primarily organised around the market to optimise the mass production and distribution of the company's products. Leather design focuses on every detail of the product to reflect the style, quality and spirit of the company's staff. Here are the details of each element of leather goods design: (1) Material Material refers to the quality, texture and variety of materials used in leather goods, and is one of the elements of leather goods design. Leather is the main material used in leather goods; it includes genuine, recycled and artificial leather, each with its own different characteristics and strengths, which directly affect the effectiveness of the process and the technical treatment of the components, as well as their durability. In this industry, various textile materials are combined with leather to produce products using the leather goods production process, also known as leather goods. (2) Shape Form is in fact a relatively stable geometry. It is believed that the appearance of a geometric body is primarily dependent on the shape of the front of the geometric body, but for the designer the shape of the sides, top and bottom all play a significant role, and the individual sides themselves interact with each other and need to be carefully combined in order to make each shape beautiful, generous or offbeat. Bags and handbags have traditional rectangular, square, trapezoidal, round, semi-circular, hexagonal shapes, as well as new age beauty waist shapes, gourd shapes and various variations on traditional shapes that are not round, square or square. While mankind, with thousands of years of cultural tradition, has a preference for traditional shapes, many modern men and women in the new age prefer more 'broken' shapes. (3) Structure Structure refers to the organic combination of the external and internal parts of a product in various ways, in this case, bags, handbags, silver bags, etc., with different techniques to produce a variety of structures with one or more objects. It reflects the craft characteristics of a product, as well as the function and performance of a product. For each structure, both practical and decorative design approaches can be used. The practical structure refers to the main bag external pockets or attached pockets, internal compartments or some kind of special assembly; decorative structure is only for the needs of the design itself, and does not have practicality. (4) Accessories Accessories in the design and production of leather products often play a role in the finishing touch, is one of the most important elements in the design of leather goods. There are practical and decorative accessories, which are mainly made of alloy, pure copper, steel, plastic, wood, leather, etc. They are produced by plating, colour spraying, sandblasting, glue grinding, laser (i.e. laser), engraving, branding and other processes. Practical accessories refer to parts with practical functions and performance, whose shapes and patterns allow the imagination of people, including handles of various materials, switches and locks, zip plates, foot pegs, ties, pulleys, etc. Decorative hardware, on the other hand, refers to purely decorative parts that express various styles and ideas and are only ornamental but not practical, and can also be made from various materials. More and more designers engrave, silk-screen or laser brand logos on practical accessories, thus replacing the simple logo hardware and integrating the logo into the practical accessories to create a new atmosphere and new effect of merging them into one, in order to reflect a brand awareness. (5) Craftsmanship Craft refers to the various processes, production methods and production techniques in the production of leather goods, is an important link to reflect the quality and grade of a product. It mainly includes the technology of material selection and opening; the technology and data of thickness, width and slope of shovel skin; the technology and data of needle shape, needle number, stitch distance, edge distance, thread strand number, thread colour, thread quality, as well as the technology and data of open seam, dark seam and semi-open seam; the technology and data of auxiliary material selection and processing; the technology and data of assembly process, folding, wrapping, oiling, gluing and laminating; the technology and data of branding, silk-screening, decorative thread turning The techniques and data of decoration such as computer embroidery, punching, stringing, stitching and stapling. (6) Colours Nature has a myriad of colours, but for the leather industry, black, brown and red are the three most classic colours, and it is only since artists have been making a big deal of their masterpieces that the leather industry has taken notice. By the 1980s, more and more urbanites were drawn to the colours of nature. In 1997, colourful designs took the world by storm, and since then, colour variations have become increasingly popular, with red, orange, yellow, green, green, blue and purple all making an appearance, as well as thousands of variations of their edges and mixes. In recent years there have been many fascinating colours such as metallic, pearl, lustrous metallic mixes, bi-colours, five colours and various antique colours. (7) Textures Texture includes the pattern of the material itself and artificial texture. Early leather products are mostly leather grain effect (called needle pattern), there are textile material cloth pattern and printed on the fabric of various patterns; modern times, there are many real or fake animal or plant textures; modern is based on the previous, the application of more natural things in the texture and design a variety of geometric textures, space-time patterns and other creative textures. (8) Lines Lines are the geometric elements that make up the various surfaces and bodies, and each line gives a different feeling, "stirring up" a myriad of "rights and wrongs". Straight lines give people a sense of integrity, firmness, openness, calmness and unity; vertical lines give people a sense of seriousness, uprightness and support; curved lines give people a sense of softness, ease and freedom; wavy lines give people a sense of fluidity and freedom, up and down; snail curves give people a sense of gradual reduction or stretching; curved lines give people a sense of roundness, fullness or thinness; diagonal lines give people a sense of tilting and oppression; and folding lines give people a sense of rigidity, roundabout and abruptness. feeling. (9) Proportion In the leather goods industry, there is a relatively stable range of sizes for each type of product in terms of shape, fittings and component specifications, showing different proportional relationships. Of course, deliberate disruption of proportions to highlight exaggerated effects at a particular stage of fashion cannot be ruled out. The texture, colour and texture of the material, as well as the accessories and craftsmanship of the product, are some of the elements that leave the most room for leather goods design development. How a designer can effectively grasp each element to construct a creative and valuable style requires that he or she first grasp the different fashions of different generations and markets and find out the answer. The designer must not only be fully aware of the history of leather design as a source of inspiration, but must also be based on the market, paying attention to the development trends of all walks of life, the public's lifestyle and changes in consumer attitudes. Only in this way can designers continue to innovate and design the products that the market needs.

1. The purpose and significance of Marking: Marking is the equivalent of the BOM in some factories, it differs from the Bill of Materials in that the Bill of Materials is only the result, whereas Marking also includes the process of calculation. It is the most economical way of listing the amount/cutting of all the materials required for the production of the bag and the location of the materials on the bag. 2. The purpose of the Marker Count: A. To provide unit quantities for calculating the cost of materials for the bag; B. To provide a basis for purchasing materials; C. To provide a standard quantity for the warehouse to issue material / production unit to receive material; D. To provide cutting standards for material preparation personnel; E. To provide a reference basis for the quality assurance department and production units. 3. The basis of Mark's material counting: A. Delivery list: The delivery list includes the sample list/contact list/amendment list and some modifications from customers, etc; B. Samples: Samples include customer samples / original samples / samples left behind, etc; C. Type plate (and paper grid); D. In addition to the above three bases, in the absence of samples and paper frames, sometimes the material is estimated on the basis of drawings, so that drawings sometimes become an important basis for calculating material instead of samples and paper frames. 4. Units of Marking: The units commonly used for Marking are yards (Y) and inches ("), as well as CM/M/KG. 5. Workflow of Marking: Marking of bulk goods (single batch quantity/standard quantity) Marking of samples (unit quantity) 6. Composition of the marker: Headers and columns The headers include: Finished goods code / Delivery number / Product name / Order quantity / SIZE / Sample quantity / Colour number / Production quantity etc. Part Number/Name Specification Unit Plate Number Specification Horizontal*Straight Single group Demand Number of touches per bed Cross*Straight Total number of touches denominator numerator remainder ratio allowance rate standard quantity II. Calculation of the main material in Mark's calculation: In the handbag industry there are various methods of calculating the main material, such as the area method/layout method and the Marker layout method, each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages. The Mark layout is divided into two cases, one is the regular cutting piece layout, one for the irregular cutting piece layout. 1. Regular cut-piece typesetting: Regular cut-piece typesetting is usually done by measuring the size of the original pattern or cut-piece and adding 1/8" or 1/4" of loss on top of that, depending on the specific situation (e.g. 1/4" for materials with strong shrinkage and 1/8" for the opposite). This dimension is the specification (horizontal*straight) in Mark's calculation of the material. The numerator/denominator is then calculated based on the width of the material and the assumed length, which is used to calculate the standard or unit dosage, which is calculated as follows: Number of pieces = width (length) of material / width (length) of cut pieces (Note: take the whole number) Material width (length) = cutting width (length) * number of pieces (Note: the remaining number should be added to the whole number and then add 1") The first of these formulas is used to find out how many cut pieces can be arranged in the direction of knowing the width (length) of the material. The second formula is used to assume that the row of X pieces of cut pieces after the width of the material (length) degree. 2. Calculation of irregular cut pieces: In order to achieve the most economical results for irregular cut pieces, an effective action is required - nesting, also known as marker nesting, i.e. arranging the pattern in the most economical way according to certain rules. The maximum/minimum value is obtained from the nesting, i.e. the specification (horizontal*straight) in the material count, and then the numerator/denominator is calculated according to the material width and the assumed length in combination with the following formula. Number of pieces = [width (length) - maximum value] / minimum value * 2 + 2 Length (width) = (number of pieces - 2)/2*min + max The first of these formulas is used to find the number of cut pieces that can be arranged in the direction of the width (length) of the material. The second formula is used to find the width (length) of the material after assuming that X pieces have been cut. III. Measurement of the substrate: 1. For sub-materials that need to be cut with a knife, such as curved Velcro, a certain direction must be noted and a 1/4" loss added. 2. For webbing/buckle/elastic/PP rope/elastic rope which must be processed first and then sent to the production unit, the actual length of the material is usually measured and calculated, especially for webbing used as reinforcement, which requires 100% accuracy (type version). 3. The edge band (including webbing for the edge, the main material edge cutting) / P-tube / elastic band edge and other running hundred yards of loss of materials, measurement should be in the type plate or sample of the actual length of the measurement after the addition of 1 ~ 2 "wide put, depending on the circumstances. 4. The length of the zip is the actual length of the zip, such as longer zips can be considered to add 1/8"~1/4" of width. The length of a strip zip is the actual length of the zip between the two stops without any allowance. In the process of zip counting, it must be noted that zip sliders must be matched and never mixed. 5. The material of the fastener should be noted as the material/specification. 6. Four-way buckle/press button/cockhole buckle/bumping nail/hollow nail/screw and nut etc. should be used together. 7. Special sub-materials should be measured, e.g. the elastic band around the side of the mobile phone bag will shrink after processing, so 1/8~1/4" loss should be left. Herringbone nylon belt in the process of wrapping, because of the shrinkage of larger sometimes up to 5 ~ 8" loss, depending on the specific situation. IV. Allowable loss rate. 1. In the case of large goods, there is a column "Allowable loss rate" in Mark's material count. This rate of loss refers to the loss of printing/embroidery/hot pressing/trimming etc. There is a standardized rate for this loss, which is determined by the number of orders placed and the percentage of loss given. 2. For materials such as clasps/buttons/cockhole clasps/staples/hollow nails/screws/nuts, which are subject to large losses during processing, a corresponding loss allowance should be given according to the number of orders. V. The problems that need to be paid attention to when layout counting: 1. In the process of counting the main and secondary materials, if expressed in words, the colour/texture/specification should be clearly indicated and the full name should be used to distinguish between similar materials to avoid confusion and mistakes. 2. When making special sections of materials (such as bevelling/trimming/gluing/voltage, etc.) must be specified, and the loss should be given to the loss. 3. Some special materials must pay attention to the direction of the layout, such as velvet/mesh, etc. Even if you do not save material, you can only layout in one direction. 4. The width of the material (main material) cannot be 100%, it needs to leave some space. 5. For a bag to be counted, both the main and secondary materials must be measured in a certain order, from front to back/top to bottom/outside to inside/left to right, so that no material will be missed or under-counted, so that the accuracy of the count is close to 100%. VI. The rights, responsibilities and duties of the counting staff: 1. The material counters should do their job, calculate the cost of the bags in a timely and accurate manner, and complete the quotation. 2. It is the responsibility to review the aesthetics/functionality/stitching of the bag, to control the cost of the bag, to disagree with the pattern maker's practice, and to propose improvements to the stitching of the turner.

Front width, back width: generally refers to the front and back body parts of the luggage bag, also called the front and back pieces. Large body: the front width, back width and the bottom connected parts. Plug: the side parts of the bag, handbag and the bottom of the bag to form a three-dimensional structure, also known as the side piece, horizontal head, side wall. Large body circumference: the part of a bag where the side pieces are attached to the bottom. Side circumference: the side parts that make up the large body circumference. Bottom surround: The bottom part of the large body surround. Veneer: the decorative part of the body of the package. These include: top patch, middle patch, bottom patch, side patch, cover patch, corner patch, inner patch, bottom patch, etc. Bottom patch: the bottom of the bag, the bottom of the bag. Inner stickers: the internal counterparts of various bag openings. Zip patches: one or two pieces of leather patch for sewn-in zips. Large body surround patch: the large body surround is a three-dimensional part of the structure than the front and back of the width of the contour into a circle, can form a different layer effect, one piece or divided into two pieces is called large body paste, divided into three pieces is called large body side surround patch and large body ground surround patch. Cross-head patch: a small patch of separate side parts that penetrate a little deeper into the body to form a three-dimensional structure. Zip tail: The part of the zip that is sewn to the ends of the zip so that the zip does not come apart. Ear: A small part used to hold a square or D-clasp, or sewn onto the ends of a zip for gripping. Locking Leather: The ears that are attached to the locking head. Outer pockets: various three-dimensional pockets on the front and back panels, also known as attached pockets. Insert pockets: flat bags located on various levels of the bag, to determine the specific name of its part, such as front insert pockets, rear insert pockets, front internal insert pockets, etc. Organ bag: the side of the bag like an accordion with pleated three-dimensional bags. There are open mouth, zip bag mouth and with the cover of the single side of the organ bag and double side organ bag. Hanging pockets: small pockets in a bag body that are less than the bottom of the main bag, mostly referred to as lining pockets with zipped windows, but also referred to various hanging pockets designed outside the bag. Zip window: refers to the width of the zip hanging bags less than the window of the ends of the parts. Middle compartment: a compartment in which the main bag of a luggage bag is divided into two or more spaces. Strap: the shoulder strap of a luggage bag, there are fixed, movable and adjustable in various design forms. Handle: the single strap or double carry strap of a luggage bag. Carrying handle: also known as a carrying handle. A part of the bag that plays a role in carrying, smaller than the span of the handle and shorter in length. Lining: the inner part of the luggage material. I hope you find this useful!

DuPont Nylon (CORDURA) A fabric invented by DuPont that is light, quick drying, soft, durable and resistant to colour change over time. It is said to appear in two colours when viewed from different angles, but no one else knows how to produce it except DuPont. It is generally woven in Nylon and is available in 160D, 210D, 330D, 420D, 600D, 900D, 1000D, etc. The higher the number, the stronger the fabric and the thicker the grain. Generally 160D to 210D is used for clothing or as a lining for general outdoor bags. This material is coated on the reverse side and will not get wet in normal rain. Oxford nylon (OXFORD) OXFORD is made from a two-strand warp and a relatively thick weft. The weaving method is one up and one down, which is a very common method of weaving. It is usually made of 210D or 420D. The reverse side is coated. Used as a lining or compartment for bags. KODRA (DuPont-like nylon) KODRA is a fabric made in Korea. To some extent it can be used as a substitute for CORDURA. It is said that the inventor of this fabric originally wanted to find out how CORDURA was spun, but failed to do so and invented a new fabric, KODRA. This fabric is also generally made of Nylon and is also based on the strength of the fibres, such as 600D and 1000D. It has a coating on the reverse side, similar to CORDURA. High Density Nylon (HD) HD is short for High Density, which means high density. The fabric is similar to OXFORD. Usually 210D, 420D, usually used as a lining or compartment for bags. The reverse side is coated. Ripstop nylon (R/S) R/S is short for Rip stop. This fabric is a nylon with small squares. It is tougher than normal nylon and the outer squares of the fabric are made of a thicker thread. The squares are made of a thicker thread on the outside of the fabric, while the middle of the squares are made of a very fine thread. It is usually available in 300D, 330D and 450D and can be used as the main material for backpacks, such as the large side and outer pockets. The reverse side is coated. Dobby nylon The Dobby fabric appears to be made up of a number of very small checks, but if you look closely you will see that it is made up of two types of thread, one thick and one thin, with a different pattern on the front and the other on the back. It is not usually coated. It is much less strong than CORDURA and is generally only used on leisure bags or short-distance travel bags. It is not used on hiking bags. VELOCITY VELOCITY is also a nylon fabric. It is very strong. It is also generally used for hiking bags. The reverse side is coated. Available in 420D or higher strength. The front of the fabric looks like Dobby. Waterproof nylon (TAFFETA) TAFFETA is a very thin, coated fabric, some of which is coated more than once, so it is more water resistant. It is not usually used as the main fabric of a rucksack, only as a mackintosh, or as a rain cover for a rucksack. Poly PU Generally used instead of Poly. Poly densities are generally 64t (low), 74t (medium) and 82t (high). The fabrics range in strength from 150D to 1800D. Generally, the stronger 600D can be used as the base of a mountaineering bag, but it is not as strongly woven as CORDURA. AIR MESH Generally known in Chinese as space mesh, it is different from the usual mesh. It has a gap between the mesh surface and the material underneath, usually 3mm or more. It is this gap that gives it good ventilation properties and is therefore commonly used for straps, backs and other areas close to the body. There are many different sizes of nylon nets, but they are generally used on the sides of bags as sundries or water pockets. 1. Polyester - polyester fibre Polyester, also known as POLYESTER, is characterised by its good breathability and moisture wicking properties. It is also highly resistant to acids, alkalis and UV rays. 2. 2. spandex - stretch nylon Also known as SPANDEX, the advantages are high elasticity and stretch as well as good recovery. The use of 2% is generally sufficient to improve the movement, drape and shape retention of the fabric. Weaknesses include weak alkali resistance; yellowing and brittleness when exposed to chlorine or UV light. The heat resistance is poor. It is often used as an auxiliary material in blends with other materials. Some of the better known materials are LYCRA from DUPON (USA), "Dorlastan" from Bayer (Germany) and "Roica" from A.k (Japan). Nylon---Nylon Also known as Nylon, polyamide fibre. Advantages are high strength, high abrasion resistance, high chemical resistance and good resistance to deformation and ageing. The disadvantage is that it has a hard feel. Some of the best known are PERTEX and CORDURA. Luggage fabrics - Oxford cloth The fabrics used for luggage are made from Nylon and Poly, or occasionally a mixture of the two. Nylon is a nylon and Poly is a polyethylene, both of which are derived from petroleum, but Nylon is a little better quality than Poly. In terms of fabric, Nylon is a little softer to the touch. For example, N.1000D CORDURA means 1000D nylon CORDURA, which is material + fibre + weaving method. D is short for denier. Denier is the unit of measurement for fibres. It is calculated by weighing 1 gram per 9,000 metres of thread and is called denier. (i.e. the lower the denier, the finer the fibre). The formula D = G/L x 9000. So the smaller the number before the D, the finer the thread and the less dense it is. For example, 210D is a particularly fine thread and is usually used as a lining or compartment for bags. A 900D or 1000D material with a thick grain and thick thread is very hard-wearing and is usually used as the bottom of a bag. Some of the fabrics often found in backpacks are CORDURA A fabric invented by DuPont, it is light, quick drying, soft and durable and does not change colour over time. It is said to appear in two colours when viewed from different angles, but no one else knows how to produce it except DuPont. It is generally woven in Nylon and is available in 160D, 210D, 330D, 420D, 600D, 900D, 1000D, etc. The higher the number, the stronger the fabric and the thicker the grain. Generally 160D to 210D is used for clothing or as a lining for general outdoor bags. This material is coated on the reverse side and will not get wet in normal rain. Oxford nylon (OXFORD) OXFORD is made from a two-strand warp and a relatively thick weft. The weaving method is one up and one down, which is a very common method of weaving. It is usually made of 210D or 420D. The reverse side is coated. Used as a lining or compartment for bags. KODRA (DuPont-like nylon) KODRA is a fabric made in Korea. To some extent it can be used as a substitute for CORDURA. It is said that the inventor of this fabric originally wanted to find out how CORDURA was spun, but failed to do so and invented a new fabric, KODRA. This fabric is also generally made of Nylon and is also based on the strength of the fibres, such as 600D and 1000D. It has a coating on the reverse side, similar to CORDURA. High Density Nylon (HD) HD is short for High Density, which means high density. The fabric is similar to OXFORD. Usually 210D, 420D, usually used as a lining or compartment for bags. The reverse side is coated. R/S (over-gummed nylon) R/S is short for Rip stop. This fabric is a nylon with small squares. It is tougher than normal nylon and the squares are made of a thicker thread on the outside of the fabric. The squares are made of a thicker thread on the outside of the fabric, while the middle of the squares are made of a very fine thread. It is usually available in 300D, 330D and 450D and can be used as the main material for backpacks, such as the large side and outer pockets. The reverse side is coated. Dobby nylon The Dobby fabric appears to be made up of a number of very small checks, but if you look closely you will see that it is made up of two types of thread, one thick and one thin, with a different pattern on the front and the other on the back. It is not usually coated. It is much less strong than CORDURA and is generally only used on leisure bags or short-distance travel bags. It is not used on hiking bags. VELOCITY VELOCITY is also a nylon fabric. It is very strong. It is also generally used for hiking bags. The reverse side is coated. Available in 420D or higher strength. The front of the fabric looks like Dobby. Waterproof nylon (TAFFETA) TAFFETA is a very thin, coated fabric, some of which is coated more than once, so it is more water resistant. It is not usually used as the main fabric of a rucksack, only as a mackintosh, or as a rain cover for a rucksack. Poly PU Generally used instead of Poly. Poly densities are generally 64t (low), 74t (medium) and 82t (high). The fabrics range in strength from 150D to 1800D. Generally, the stronger 600D can be used as the base of a mountaineering bag, but it is not as strongly woven as CORDURA. AIR MESH Generally known in Chinese as space mesh, it is different from the usual mesh. It has a gap between the mesh surface and the material underneath, usually 3mm or more. It is this gap that gives it good ventilation properties and is therefore commonly used for straps, backs and other areas close to the body. There are many different sizes of nylon nets, but they are generally used on the sides of bags as sundries or water pockets. 1. Polyester - polyester fibre Polyester, also known as POLYESTER, is characterised by its good breathability and moisture wicking properties. It is also highly resistant to acids, alkalis and UV rays. 2. 2. spandex - stretch nylon Also known as SPANDEX, the advantages are high elasticity and stretch as well as good recovery. The use of 2% is generally sufficient to improve the movement, drape and shape retention of the fabric. Weaknesses include weak alkali resistance; yellowing and brittleness when exposed to chlorine or UV light. The heat resistance is poor. It is often used as an auxiliary material in blends with other materials. Some of the better known materials are LYCRA from DUPON (USA), "Dorlastan" from Bayer (Germany) and "Roica" from A.k (Japan). Nylon---Nylon Also known as Nylon, polyamide fibre. Advantages are high strength, high abrasion resistance, high chemical resistance and good resistance to deformation and ageing. The disadvantage is that it has a hard feel. Some of the best known are PERTEX, CORDURA

The first section of the handbag is an emerging, dual-function products Before the reform and opening up of mainland China, although the handbag has been opened into our lives, but it is still an insignificant thing, the handbag of all kinds only luggage bags, school bags, silver bags, and its structure is only front and back shape, the handbag shape is beautiful: whether the structure is strong: whether the feel is comfortable: whether the choice of materials is excellent, but it is a matter of few people ask for. With the further development of reform and opening up and the change of people's concept of life, handbags are like clothing. Hair, its second "decorative" function began to appear and increasingly important, model performance, people out on the street into the market to take pictures out of travel, are the handbag as the inseparable partner, the reason why the handbag deep people's love, and style, in this into the search for "stylish In the era of "style", handbags are developing in the direction of visual beauty, comfort and exquisite touch, solid and generous structure, subtle and meticulous craftsmanship, and the types of handbags have developed into travel bags, fashion bags, briefcases, lady bags, chemical bags, wallets, silver bags, waist bags, school bags and so on. The structure of various types of handbags, the choice of materials is also changing development. Section II handbag and clothing It is said that handbags and clothing are made of trams, the big deal is almost the same. This is a layman's argument, will do clothing people, not necessarily do handbags, will do handbags people will not necessarily do clothing, because the two out of style, design technology is very different from the pavilion, I think that the next, handbags out of style technology than clothing out of style technology is much more difficult, much more promising. The first, clothing pattern has a certain data and formula to follow, it has a unified large, medium, small and other fixed number of clothing components of the shape, unlike the handbag components vary, while the handbag pattern only a bag or chart as a reference, there is no formula to set, the shape of its components, many and mixed, varying, absolutely no rules, moreover, most of the raw materials of the handbag is thick and rigid, both sponge, paper, hardware, plastic, etc. leather, hardware, plastic and other catch material or trim is very strong three-dimensional sense. From the two structure of this endogenous comparison, handbags out of the box to be more difficult than clothing out of the box. Secondly, there are a lot of books about garment pattern technology, we can learn by ourselves, refer to the clothing pattern training courses around the world, plus many people have their own family clothes car, the general clothing will do independently; and handbag pattern technology books, I ran a few painting library (including the Shenzhen Library) have not found a book, this training course, but also the first handbag pattern class from the external environment (external factors analysis), the handbag technology is also more difficult than the clothing pattern. The handbag technology is also more difficult to learn than the garment outfit technology. Third, garment manufacturing in China has a long history, remote township families, have their own clothes carts, enough to achieve self-sufficiency, since the reform and opening up, the garment industry wind up, to the present, has been found to be full state, many garment industry has dismounted and stopped production or switch, now, Shenzhen City, the opening of the garment industry, to make strict sales verification, and handbags as a new product, with its dual function of increasingly The sales volume of handbags is increasing day by day, many handbag factory products are exported, and in the domestic market sales, to low-grade products, so the domestic and foreign markets of handbags, the prospects are vast, which determines the handbag manufacturing industry is still very promising industry. From the above analysis, the intrinsic factors and external environment of the handbag out of the technology, decided to handbag out of the competition rival less; and the bag industry is booming, booming, and in urgent need of a large number of out of the technology, many handbag factory at great expense (up to more than five thousand to eight thousand) to hire out of the skilled workers, is the witness of the handbag out of the demand for personnel. Chapter two handbag factory identification room and the master Section 1: Definition of a handbag Shaanxi sense of the handbag, is the general term of the batch with a variety of bags, while the general handbag factory in the handbag, but the broad sense of the handbag, its products include: there are household bags, back bags; handbags without the silver bag, leather folder, that is, bags; bag folder three categories. In the broad sense of the handbag use points, there are nine categories of travel bags, briefcases, time bags, packaging bags, silver bags, waist bags, school bags, leather wallets. This course is also teaching the above nine categories of handbags. The second section of the bag out of the definition The so-called handbag pattern, is based on the original handbag identification (or leather map, photographic map), using the paper grid for material, design the shape of the components of the handbag, and in the paper grid components on a variety of marks to indicate the handbag method of work. In a handbag factory, the department engaged in this work is called the identification room, and the person engaged in this work is called the master of the frame or identification room, or the master of the handbag, or the marking master, or the sample designer. Section 3: The functions of the identification room First, in the handbag factory, its products are generally in accordance with customer requirements, generally to the handbag factory to provide handbags in kind (the original identification) or a variety of pictures, on the basis of such things to provide, is to identify the master out of the master, to identify the room for the master as the lead, to re-produce a few products to meet the requirements, so identify the room is the sample production department. Secondly, as the sample making department is responsible for the production of samples, it takes the lead in understanding the production processes and techniques as well as the total amount of work and product quality required. Therefore, it is the engineering and technical department of the handbag factory. Thirdly, the accounting department of the handbag factory obtains information from the shop about the price of the production process, raw materials and their quantity, and carries out the production cost budgeting work in conjunction with the price of raw materials. The materials department obtains information on the types and quantities of materials to be purchased from the shop and carries out the supply of materials for the factory. The cutter department obtains the paper pattern from the identification room and carries out the work of arranging and cutting the material. The production workshop obtains the production process and techniques from the shop to organise the production line and production management. The production room is the master of all the work in the handbag factory; it is the technical manager of the handbag factory. Section 4: Responsibilities of the master Firstly, to analyse the overall structure of the original pattern (or diagram) provided by the customer, to distinguish the main and secondary patterns. Secondly, to analyse the shape of the components of the original design (or diagram). Thirdly, for the information that constitutes this bag, the contents include I. Number of paper compartments. Specification, colour and quantity of hardware and plastic sealing materials. Third, the number, specification, colour and quantity of zip and webbing. D. Specification of hemming and biting material. V. Stitch length (generally 8 stitches/inch). Fourth, write the production process. Fifth, counting materials. Sixthly, instructing the workers in the room to open the material and the workers in the car. Chapter 3: Out-of-order tools and common uses Section 1: The tools A steel ruler in inches or centimetres. Two, to inches or centimetres as a unit of soft leather ruler a. Three, a garden rule. 4. A knife (with blade). One handbag (or photo or picture). One pencil and one eraser each. Seven, a number of 250P - 300P paper skins. VIII. A table one metre long, 50cm wide and 80cm high. ix. A piece of matting rubber with a specification of 100 x 50 cm. X. A piece of positioning iron. Eleven, a movable stool. The above is a set of handbag tools that each staff member must have when working. Section II of the use of tools A steel ruler: 1. used to measure the length of flat, hard materials. 2. with the lower left corner of the point. 3. between the straight line Second, the soft leather ruler: 1. to measure the length and perimeter of curved, wrinkled, soft materials. C. Garden gauge: 1. draw arcs. 2. enlarge the paper grid. 3. play howl. 4. degree position. 4.Making knife: 1.Punching cross position. 2.Making paper frame. V. Handbag (picture): 1. out of frame reference. Pencils and erasers to draw up or modify patterns. vii. 250P - 300P cardboard, materials for outline. VIII. Table: the padding used to keep the cut of the paper grid straight and to protect the table. IX. Positioning iron: When two pieces of paper lattice overlap, a positioning iron is used to fix the position and prevent displacement. X. Table: The support for the grid. 11.Movable stool: the person needs to stand and sit at the same time, and needs to come out from all directions, the stool needs to be able to move. Section 3: Precautions to be taken when holding a knife and paper The gesture of holding the knife is demonstrated in the practical class. When using the knife, the left hand is pressed against the centre of the ruler, the right hand is pressed against the knife, and the mouth of the knife is pressed against the edge of the ruler, with the direction of pull being straight towards the direction in which the person is standing. If the force is to the left, the ruler will be displaced; if the force is to the right, the knife will be detached from the edge of the ruler, and the paper grid under both will not pass. Chapter 4: Knowledge of grading The first section of the code, ruler, inch, points of understanding Many handbag factories use steel ruler and soft leather ruler, is in inches for the unit (mainland China does not have this kind of ruler for sale) we must come to an understanding of the British system of length units. Yard: English YARD, represented by the letter "Y". Ruler: FOOT in English, with the letter "F" or "'". Inch: English INCH, with the letters "IN" or "" ". Where the rate conversion relationship is. 1 yard = 3 feet 1 foot = 12 inches 1 inch = 8 English cents (especially keep this in mind) So: 1 English cent = 1/8 of an inch 1/2 cent = 1/16th of an inch 1/4 of an inch = 1/32 of an inch In the handbag factory, the maximum error value of the handbag paper grid is 1/32 of an inch, (i.e. inches for the minimum scale of the steel ruler) the maximum error value allowed for the finished handbag is 1/16 of an inch. In the Chinese length conversion: 1 m = 3 feet (city ruler, city inch); 1 foot = 10 inches; 1 inch = 10 minutes. Many learners confuse 1 inch = 8 English minutes with Chinese ruler 1 inch = 10 minutes when they apply 1 inch = 8 English minutes. For example, the Chinese ruler 3 inches over 1 minute can be recorded as 3.1 inches or 31/10 inches, while the length measured in feet is 8 inches over 1 English minute, the trainees also recorded as 3.1 or 31/10 inches which is wrong. The reason is that the scale in feet is divided into 8 compartments per 1 inch, so it is correct to write it down as 31/8 or 3.125 inches. 3.1 = \= 3.125; 31/10 = \= 31/8. Another example is that 4 inches over 5 minutes, it is correct to write it down as 45/8, but it is wrong to write it down as 45/10 or 41/2. Remember, using feet, the denominator is 8. Section 2: Basic properties of fractions and their operations As we use the representation of length, when we want to account for the total length or perimeter of the material and perform out-of-the-ordinary operations, we need to recognise the basic properties of fractions and the laws of their operations. For more detailed knowledge, learners should refer to chapters 4 and 5 of Book 10 of the Sixth Form Mathematics textbook. Basic properties of fractions: The numerator and denominator of a fraction are multiplied or divided by the same number (except for zero), and the value of the fraction remains the same. For example, 1/2 and 10/24 are transformed into a number with a denominator of 12 and whose size remains the same. Operations with fractions To add and subtract fractions with the same denominator, add and subtract with the numerator, leaving the denominator unchanged. To add and subtract fractions with different denominators, first pass through the fractions and then add and subtract them in the same way as fractions with the same denominator. To multiply fractions by fractions, multiply the numerator by the resulting number as the numerator and the denominator by the resulting number as the denominator. Dividing a number by a number is equivalent to multiplying by the reciprocal of that number. Section 3: Fractions in paper grids In gridding, there is usually an operation where you measure out a length, take 1/2 of its length, and add the length of a paper opening. For example, the length of the front of a handbag is 41/8" and the width is 4". If: the length of the front of the handbag is 41/8" and the width is 4", if the length of the paper opening is 2/8", 1/2 of the length and width plus the length of a paper opening are Section 4 The Plane Cartesian Coordinate System Two axes of numbers in the plane with a common origin and perpendicular to each other constitute a plane right-angle coordinate system. Any point P in the plane of coordinates has a unique pair of ordered real numbers (X, Y) that correspond to it; in turn, any pair of ordered real numbers (X, Y) can fix a unique point in the plane such that its coordinates are (X, Y). The plane's right-angle co-ordinate system, therefore, can combine 'number' and 'form'. The handbag is a three-dimensional object, but the single components that make up the handbag are in the same plane. In order to draw up the shape of the components of the handbag, we can first measure the number of switches related to them with a ruler, determine the points related to the switches with these numbers and connect these points with a straight line or a circular curve to draw up the surface shape of the components of the handbag. Then, using a circular gauge, we follow the edge of the surface shape of the component and enlarge it by a length of paper for the unit, and we have the shape of the component. This is the principle and method of drawing out a handbag component. In future, we can use the 'co-ordinate method' to solve any shape of component we encounter. Chapter 5: How to measure the length of a handbag The bag is a special technical task that requires a high degree of precision. According to its raw materials and structural characteristics, when measuring the length of the following matters should be noted. First, the object to be measured requires flat on the table, measuring the length of its natural state, absolutely not allow the physical material tension, because many of the handbag raw materials are stretchy. Otherwise the length measured is longer than the actual object. Second, measure the distance between two parallel lines, shall make the steel ruler and two parallel lines perpendicular, can make the starting end of the steel ruler fixed in a parallel line, the other end in another parallel line on the teeth move, the shortest scale is the distance between the two parallel lines, because the shortest vertical line segment. Third, the starting point of the ruler should coincide with the line position, if the upper bone pocket, you can not see the line position, the starting point from the centre of the bone, the end point to the opposite line position or the centre of the bone shall prevail. (The length of the paper mouth is counted separately) Fourth, when using the soft leather ruler to measure the folded daisy or bent object, the soft leather ruler must be completely overlapped with the object to be measured, otherwise it will be biased long. Fifth, when reading out the length of the measured object, the line of sight must be perpendicular to the scale on the ruler, if the line of sight is to the left or to the right, it will read out a longer or shorter length than the actual object, resulting in human error. Chapter 6 Markings on the paper compartment of a handbag Section 1: The paper opening of the paper compartment The paper opening is in the paper compartment and is the extra length we have left over, invisible from the surface of the handbag, for the hem. The more stickers there are, the longer the opening. See chapter 7 for more information on the notches. Section 2: The triangular notch in the paper compartment The triangular notch in the handbag compartment is one of the features that distinguishes the handbag compartment from the garment compartment. The triangular notch has the following functions. One, the triangular notch is a mark indicating the method of making the handbag. Second, the triangular notch is a single piece of paper lattice correct or incorrect test mark. Three, the triangle gap is between the paper and paper, complete sets of matching or not the test mark. The triangular notch is the test mark for the turning method and the turning skills of the turner. Different handbags, due to different structures, different shapes of the paper lattice, different lengths of the paper mouth, the location and number of triangular notches are bound to be different. However, the size of the triangular notch is the same for the same paycheck. The position of the triangular notches is most closely related to the construction of the handbag. This can only be taught in practical lessons, one by one, for the actual handbag. Section 3: Howling in the paper compartment The triangular notch is a symbol that is punched on the edge of the paper compartment to indicate the structure of the handbag. For complex handbags, one or several pockets are also designed on the large component to avoid the monotony of its shape and to increase the practicality of the handbag. To determine the position of a pocket inside the paper opening of a component, it is necessary to hit the howl bit, not the triangular notch. (This is because triangular notching in the centre of the component will break the material.) Determining the position of various hardware and plastic decorations is also indicated by howl bits. Howl bits for paper grids are usually circled around them with a pen and marked with their purpose. The determination of the position of the howl bit is also achieved using coordinates, which will be explained in the practical lesson. Section 4: Text marks on the paper grid Text markings on the paper grid, including the following. I. The item number of this handbag. (to prevent confusion with other compartments) 2. The name and quantity of the compartment. (for easy opening and checking) 3. The method of cutting, i.e. horizontal or straight cut. 4. Indicate the maximum length and width of the grid. Use the maximum length data multiplied by the maximum width data to indicate. (Clerks in handbag factories, with these two numbers count material) Five, howl bit and part of the three notches role. The above three, four and five items are omitted from the paper grid in some factories. Chapter 7: Data related to the outline The first section of the paper mouth length One, the paper mouth of the package edge sticky material is generally 3/8 - 4/8 inch (3 - 4 minutes). Second, other paper mouth is generally 2/8 - 3/8 inch, of which the vast majority of paper mouth is 5/16 inch (2 and a half minutes). Third, leather handbags, the paper mouth of which is generally 3/16 - 2/8 inch. Section II Other data I. Zipper mouth width 4/8 - 9/16 inch (4 points - 4½ points). II. Pulling aggregate width 5/8 inch (5 points). III. Width of hemming 6/8 - 7/8 inch (6 points - 7 points). Chapter 8 Out of the box approach Section I. Analysis of the overall structure of the handbag On the market, we see a wide range of complex handbags, forming styles. If you analyse them all together, it is easy to see that most of them have this structural commonality: there is a front panel, a back panel and a large surround; a left panel, a right panel and a large surround; a front panel, a back panel and a base material, which are the three basic constituent elements. Some handbags, the front width by a few pieces of a thousand shapes, flowers and branches of raw materials merged into the front of the front width is also mounted on a flat or three-dimensional front outer pocket; back width is also mounted on the back; large circumference and divided into the bottom and zip circumference, large circumference on both sides of the symmetrical two side pockets, according to the consumer's use, in the above three basic components outside the building blocks to add or subtract, so that the overall shape of the handbag is varied and complex. But no matter how complex the handbag we come across, it's hard to be out of the ordinary. The complexity of the bag only increases the amount of work we have to do, but not the technical difficulty of making it. The variations in the shape of a handbag do not override the commonalities in the structure of a handbag, and as long as we can see the structure of a handbag, we have a prerequisite for making a statement. The commonalities in the structure of a handbag are abstracted through generalisation after we have seen many handbags with our naked eyes. If you are a smart person, you will also find that there are rules to the structure of the bag that are not visible to the naked eye alone: the circumference of the width is equal to the total length of its corresponding surround; the circumference of the base is equal to the length of its connecting elements. Any set of paper compartments that violate these rules cannot be matched to form a bag. For the construction of handbags, we will cover a large selection of bags by type of handbag, which will be covered again in the practical lesson. Section 2: Shape analysis of handbag components The shape of the handbag components (henceforth all the handbag composition components for short), there are rectangles, squares, triangles, trapezoids, prisms, circles, ovals, square polygons, etc.. These, we call regular shapes; there are also convex and concave polymorphs. Several shapes are mixed to form mixed shapes, and other shapes that are difficult to name, which we call irregular shapes. To define the shape of a regular component, or to relate it to mathematical knowledge. A rectangle can be shaped by simply measuring its length and width; a square by the length of its sides; a trapezoid by its upper and lower base and height; a prism by its two diagonals; a square circle by its diameter or radius; an ellipse by its major and minor diameters. For those irregular shapes, which have been described in Chapter 4, Section 4, the coordinate method can be used to define the shape of the handbag component. Secondly, they are mostly axisymmetric shapes. What is an axisymmetric figure? If a figure is folded along a line, and if it overlaps with the other half of the figure, then the figure is called an axisymmetric figure, and the line is called the axis of symmetry. As the shape of the components of a handbag are mostly axisymmetric, we only need to show one half of the component shape when we produce the grid, and the other half can be produced by folding it along the axis of symmetry. This saves us a lot of work and time. Section 3: Sequence The order of the bag is: first out of the main frame (also called the main frame), then out of the secondary frame (out of the secondary frame) What is the main frame? The paper compartment that determines the shape or size of the other compartments is called the main compartment. What is the secondary frame? A square whose shape or size depends on the other squares. The combination of several secondary compartments, either in shape or length, has a certain relationship with the shape or size of the main compartment. In a typical handbag, the width is the main compartment and the circumference is the secondary compartment; the back compartment is the main compartment of the front compartment; the front compartment is the main compartment of the front circumference; the side compartment is the main compartment of the side circumference. Therefore, the general order of the handbag is as follows: back width, front width, large body bottom zip surround, front pocket width, front pocket surround, side pocket width, side pocket surround. This order of the bag is determined by the laws of handbag construction mentioned in the first section of this chapter. Section 4: The pattern method Out of the method is a combination of all the above knowledge (here is an example of the main frame first after the width). Firstly, firstly, cut a piece of paper with a knife, which is larger than the length and width of the back panel. Second, in the centre of the paper as a straight line as a number axis (can not be broken, can be folded), fold up, then in the number axis directly above, with a garden gauge iron foot hit a roar, roar and then a straight line (can not be broken) as a second number axis, so that the paper will appear on the two perpendicular to each other axis. Third, along the second axis of the number of folding, in the first axis of the play roar, if the roar position also in another pair of folding surface on the axis, the coordinate system qualified, the piece of paper can be used to continue out of the grid, such as the coordinate system failed, this piece of paper can be rejected (coordinate system verticality test). 4. Measure the length and width of the surface of the back of the bag, and take half of each plus the length of the paper opening for the coordinates. If you get the length of the surface of the back panel. Fifth, in the coordinate system, find the point with (129/16, 107/16) as coordinates, and by folding the coordinate axis to hit the roar, find the point (-129/16, 107/16) (-129/16, -107/16) (129/16, -107/16) -107/16) for a total of three points. By removing the excess paper along these points, the shape of a rectangular back panel is obtained, with a specification of (129/16) x (107/16 x 2), i.e. 251/8 x 211/8. The SG specification is 5/8 longer and wider than its surface specification of 24T/2 x 201/4, i.e. two paper opening lengths each. If the four corners of the back of the width is curved, can be used to out its curvature, any other shape, are solved with the coordinate method. Sixth, in order to good back width shape, according to the structure of the bag triangle gap and howl bit, in the back width of the paper frame written on the various text mark, the back width out of the frame will be declared the end. Seven, the use of the main frame later out of the secondary frame before the width and the big round. Many of the front panels, which are a combination of several pieces of material, have the same shape and size as the back panels. Therefore, you can use the back frame to mould the shape of the combined material of the front frame, but its structure law is: the circumference of the back frame = the total length of the large surround, once the back frame is determined, we must use the back frame to measure out the total length of the large surround. In this way, the paper compartment is measured according to the order in which it is made, and the shape of each piece of paper compartment is determined by measuring the handbag and marking it until it is finished. The handbag is three-dimensional, the components are not taken down to touch the paper grid, and although the paper grid can be picked up and compared with the original identification, it is more than the corresponding surface shape of the handbag components in the paper outlet. In order to make the two can compare with each other, we can first according to the size of the handbag surface components out of the frame, while out of the frame and handbag surface components comparison, until its shape and size are the same as the surface shape of the components, and then a paper mouth length as a unit, with a circular gauge to enlarge the paper frame, this out of the frame method, is more practical and easy to accept. Chapter 9: Inspection of the paper grid The first section of the classification of paper inspection The inspection of the paper frame, divided into the single inspection of the paper frame and the complete set of matching inspection of the paper frame. The single piece inspection of the paper lattice is generally in the process of the paper lattice, while out of the paper lattice while the inspection, the unqualified paper lattice, in the out of the lattice rejected. The matching test of the paper lattice is to test the paper lattice after the lattice has been produced to see if it conforms to the structure. The paper grid test, is the correctness of the paper grid test, the maximum allowable error value of the paper grid is 1/32 inch, its comparison of the reference, is the actual handbag. The second section of the content and methods of the paper grid test A, the shape and size of the paper grid test method: the paper grid along the coordinate axis folded, the shape of the triangular gap should be overlapping overlap, otherwise, failed. Second, the shape and size of the paper lattice test: the paper lattice before the enlargement and the handbag physical comparison, the degree of overlap does not exceed the maximum error value allowed shall prevail. Third, the paper lattice triangle gap test: the main test triangle gap is complete to make its four roles; triangle gap size is consistent. Fourth, the degree of matching between the paper grid and the paper grid test: using the paper grid to measure the paper grid, check whether it conforms to the structure of the law. Chapter 10: Scheduling Scheduling is a technical task for the opening of the material, which saves raw materials. In a set of paper lattice, the size of the paper lattice varies, the specifications of the raw material, there is always a fixed width data, generally 54 inches, 56, 58, 60 inches 4 kinds of width. A width to a piece of paper grid often have a row of X blocks have a surplus row X + 1 block of insufficient circumstances. In order to save raw materials, we also row another small paper frame, in order to use the row of X block of hands remaining raw materials, to achieve the purpose of the full use of raw materials. The following rules should be observed in general. First, the first row of large paper grid, after the row of small paper grid. Second, the row of material to consider the surface pattern of raw materials and the texture of the inner only. The surface pattern is positive, diagonal, horizontal, inverted, the paper grid should also be positive, diagonal, inverted row. The inner texture of the raw material of the handbag, especially the leather, is divided into horizontal and straight grain. Grab the two ends of the raw material with your hands and pull, there is a stretch for the horizontal grain; no stretch for the straight grain. The horizontal grain has a strong re-folding force, so for bag covers, handles and straps that need to be swung from time to time, it is advisable to arrange the material according to the horizontal grain. Straight grain has a strong support force, can withstand extrusion without deformation, front and back width and most of the components, it is appropriate to arrange the material according to the straight grain, the horizontal grain in the process of turning may become longer, while the straight grain will not, to pay special attention. Chapter 11: Counting The so-called material counting, is to account for the yardage of raw materials used in bulk handbags, the method is as follows. I. Sort out the type of raw materials needed for the handbag. Two, according to the specifications on the paper grid, accounting for the area of each piece of paper grid. Third, accounting for the area of various raw materials and (square inch) and then multiplied by 1.09 (the remaining material loss of 9% when the material is opened). Fourth, using the formula: the number of calculations, is the number of yards required for the batch of handbags. And cutter in charge of the planning method, but based on the method of row of materials, row of how many pieces of paper grid a total of a few yards, row enough to produce the required amount of raw materials and a few yards of this proportional formula to calculate. This method of counting is the most accurate and practical.